We Should Never Give up on Our Hopes and Dreams Essay Example For Students

We Should Never Give up on Our Hopes and Dreams Essay Imagine a world where countless impossibles were achieved, a place where everyone did what they loved to do and excelled at what they did. The difference in systematic views in this alternate universe would be so diverse and yet it’s something we can’t seem to grasp. The way society has amputated so many of our imaginations has left all creative processes seen as a hopeless dream for a career and only the best of the best can make it. So who should be held responsible for the loss of these innovative minds? The answer is, society. From day one, society tells us, this is life and this is how it will always be. As we grow up, we learn what’s acceptable and what we can and can’t do. We turn into a consumer that depends on these materialistic items and rather than going from in to out we start to move out to in. That feeling of being a kid, constantly learning and seeing suddenly ends and you wonder when the imagination was tamed and started to conform to societies’ standards. The great joy of play – it is that for a time, we are utterly spontaneous in a state of pure being. No thought is unthinkable, no image is unimaginable and every good idea and all creative works are the offspring of imagination (Acolatse 31). Somewhere along the way we soon come to realize not everything we do is accepted and we are taught to think from point A to B, and that organic thinking is put away only to be used when asked. There are a small selection of us, more so the adolescents in our communities, that stand out more than adults when it comes down to creative thinking. We will write a custom essay on We Should Never Give up on Our Hopes and Dreams specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now These adolescents compared to adults can’t be that significant, from the age of 17 compared to 18, when you’re considered an adult, can’t be where we lose these creative thoughts. But neural studies from Stanford University show the biological differences. Brain conformity in adults shows consistent thinking and could be laid out like a map. The younger subjects, however, showed a scattered, more organic thinking pattern. These results prove that younger subjects are more creative and the adults mould to fixed mindsets created by society. Fixed mindsets are toxic for everyone around the world. The most successful people were those who managed to keep this organic way of thinking and went through life working to better themselves rather than fall into the trends of censorship and judgment. Minds like Steve Jobs, Walt Disney and Messi all have very different lives, all different creative processes and today so many look up to these people and admire their creativity. Imagine a world where everyone did what they loved the way some of our biggest role models have demonstrated before us. These people believed that anything was possible and they were capable of achieving anything they put their minds to and they were successful. So why can’t we do the same? The most inspiring minds are those that think against the norm and put these ideas to the test on a daily basis the way we did when we were children. Imagine what it would be like looking through the lens of a child. The outrageously raw material for ideas, for growth and for complete self development would have the most brilliant minds at awe. The curiosity provokes thought which soon provokes ideas and soon becomes a plan and this domino effect takes place and that’s how we create. If we could harness this enthusiasm kids possess, the world would be a much more unique, accepting, and happy place. We would be enthralled to show our individuality and be more open to accepting others. We would inspire and be inspired, while doing what we love to do. Our mistakes are lessons and our success is cherished but society has made us fear our mistakes. We teach kids point A to B but if they stray from this and colour outside the lines, it’s considered a fail. Our marks don’t allow room for creativity and only reflect what we can regurgitate rather then the insight obtained. Instead we are expected to sing in perfect pi tch to be considered good and we have to read music to play an instrument. These creative processes go beyond the arts: The way we play sports, the way we handle word problems, taking different political point of views and changing systematic faults. Some of us still don’t see the big picture. .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf , .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf .postImageUrl , .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf , .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf:hover , .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf:visited , .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf:active { border:0!important; } .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf:active , .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u88cb262c738fdfb62d6c9375648dd5bf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Security 2 EssayWe have amputated the imagination and eliminated the big picture. We limited ourselves and set boundaries for all things possible. But we never thought we’d fly until the Wright brothers. We’d never see motion pictures until Eadweard Muybridge. We can create a better tomorrow if we can let go of the idea that our mental capacities are limited and use the enthusiastic drive for creating we had when we were kids. Imagination is a crucial part of growth, so are we going to amputate it or innovate it?

Thomas Paines Effect on the Revolutionary War essays

Thomas Paine's Effect on the Revolutionary War essays Topic: The Effect of Thomas Paine On The American Revolution The American Revolution was one of the most profound accomplishments in American history, if not world history. One of the largest military forces in the world at the time was defeated by a very small portion of its community in a fight for that portions freedom, and independence. Many Americans played a large role in that struggle, some being military, others being politicians. Many people look over a third significant group of people that assisted in the Revolution, the political idealists and writers of the time. Two battles were fought during the time of the Revolution, a battle against Great Britain; as well as a battle to gain the assistance of our neighbors. Political writers, such as Thomas Paine, played a very large role in gaining the support needed by the American people. Thomas Paines work was one of the greatest written influences on the Revolutionary War. His two most pronounced pieces may have been The Crisis, and Common Sense. Although The Crisis did not sell as many copies as Common Sense, it did stir a very large amount of will and the heart to fight amongst those who were able and willing that won this war. The Crisis opens up with the words These are the times that try mens souls. Of course referring to the time that they were living in, the time of the revolution, it is a very strong opening statement to grab the attention of the readers, and that is exactly what he needed to do. Washington, upon reading it, ordered all of his troops to do so as well, as to stir up emotion, and the drive to succeed that they had known in the beginning years of the war. In the very beginning of the paper he makes reference to the summer soldier and the sunshine patriot. Both of these titles are referring to the same peoples; those who fight only when it loo ks as though they are wining, and those who will only show thei...

Integrative Project Assignment 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Integrative Project 3 - Assignment Example The primary strength of the company is its strong presence in the market. The brand utilizing the shelter of HP has a high global presence which helps it market the brand effectively. The Palm from HP is a device combining a mobile phone, (a separate product from HP) including touch controls, and a device enabled to communicate through internet (HP Annual Report , 2010). The Palm is based on HP’s Multi-touch user interface giving facilities of fast email, web browsing and many other features at a world class format. The device is compatible with both windows based PCs as well as Macintosh PCs. It also has a searching and maps feature used to give directions by connecting through internet. Palm compared to its competitors has more variety of smartphones compared to that of Apple and HP under its brand name. Recently the company had launched a new operating system named Palm series for smartphones which distinguishes it from the other brands in the same category along with givin g a disntingushed yet powerful experience to its users. Majority of the company’s phones that are launched or had been launched in the market are equipped with multimedia capabilities, having music, high resolution camera, HD playback, high resolution gaming and access to applications with the help of HP App world. The range of smartphones by HP is certainly higher as compared to that of HP’s Palm. Also within every series of HP, there are 2-3 models for the customers to choose from. Strong distribution channel is also one of the characteristic features of the HP. The synchronization of HP is considered to be far better than that of Palm. The best example for this is calendar synchronization. The HP automatically adjusts any changes in time and date whenever such changes are made in the desktop that is connected to the phones whereas synchronizing contact and calendar information in Palm is not an easy process. The primary feature that Palm has a upper hand is its acce ssibility through the use of touch screen which gives the user a real time experience with the picture quality of more than 25K pixels per inch of the smarphone. This can be regarded as the best in the industry. However, HP with faster operating systems and innovative technologies is constantly trying to match with that. The most attractive part of technology is often the much more rapid speed by which it can communicate what its manual counterparts cannot. From their tablet computers, from all over the world, a person can contact clients, business partners, family, and friends. Additionally, it allows for instant updates during communication. While a phone call may require waiting until someone is available on the phone or mailing a letter through the post office, technology allows the interaction and the update to be instant. The speed also enhances the decision-making process. Communication may involve important decisions that need to be made quickly, especially in a business con text. Before, a person may have had to go back to senior executives before finalizing a decision. Now, technology allows instant communication no matter where they are, including scanning and sending relevant documents such as contracts and instant transcription of the conversation if needed. Communication can become faster with the advent of technology. The technologies offer numerous opportunities to save money and increase productivity, thereby increasing the efficiency. The

Administrative Law Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Administrative Law Coursework - Essay Example the development of the state as an industrial welfare one and with the government extending its monitoring systems to almost all areas of socio-cultural and economic life, the judicial review of the decisions taken by the administration has become an absolute necessity to support the standpoint of the government to recognize the individual interests. During the last 15 years of so, the courts basing their courses on this broad-based approach of the government have also delivered their decisions in various cases recognizing the individual interests. The cited instance of the issue connected with the granting of more number of taxi licenses against the number of licenses announced as will be issued is a case falling under the purview o the Administrative Law which implies the exercise of the power of the government delegated to the local administrative bodies by the legislature through various statutes. This power enables the administrative bodies to follow the prescribed procedure regarding the exercise of such powers vested on them during any decision making process. â€Å"The administrative law emanates from the general rule of law that all government officials and public authorities are subject to the regular law of the land as administered by the courts†1. The officials and public authorities can exercise only those powers specifically vested on them by the legislature and this is to ensure that they are not exceeding their authority in making any decision in the administrative matters. The second premise is that even when the authorities are acting within the scope of authority the courts will have the power to intervene to ensure that follow the proper procedures already laid down in this connection. It is also imperative that such authorities take into account the interests of the individuals before arriving at any decision. The public officials while adopting the procedures for decision making under their powers should consider how the decisions need to

Holocaust in the Middle East, and Muslim-Jew Relations Essay

Holocaust in the Middle East, and Muslim-Jew Relations - Essay Example It might seem rather surprising but Jews and Muslims were not so hostile to each other in the earlier centuries, rather they lived peacefully and harmoniously with each other but something transpired in between that vitiated their mutual relations and ties to a point of no return. At a first glance it seems Jews and Muslims are poles apart and there is absolutely nothing in common between them, rather they are so disparate that possibly mutual hatred is the only shared thread that binds them. But, a deeper look at these two religions would, quite surprisingly, bring out certain common strains that indicate these two religions have much similarity with each other. Both these religions have a common origin in Abraham. While Jews consider Muslims as true followers of ‘Seven Laws of Noah’, it might be a revelation to many that Quran refers to the inhabitants of Israel at least forty three times with Exodus of Jews led by Moses being given special importance. Judaism and Islam also share several broad common perspectives about religious outlook and practice and this theological proximity has over the last 1400 years, notwithstanding last ninety or so years’ hostility, woven certain bridges that neither Muslims nor Jews can ignore. Thus it seems more perplexing that these two religious groups that share the same geographical origin have become bitter enemies of one another (Prager and Telushkin). The most common similarities in religious practices between these two religions are circumcision, prohibition of homosexuality and consumption of pork. While Islam prescribes five times a day prayer, Judaism also insists on five times a day prayer that might however be reduced to twice daily under certain specific circumstances. Any honest student of history must admit that while there have been aberrations in the course of centuries, Jews have by and large lived peacefully and prospered under

Is religion a good force for the society?

Is religion a good force for the society? Is religion a good force for the society? The role of religion in our society has always been debated. Some people are of the view that, religion helps in bringing about a change in society, while other believe it does the very opposite. However, sociologists have a different view on this. They say that religion adopts a middle path. It brings about change and also acts as a conservative force. The notion that religion can help bring about a change is rejected by many theories, including the theory of functionalism and Marxism. It is the effect of such theories which have given birth to the view that religion is a force of conservatism. However, there is still difference between these two theories as well. Functionalists say that, the norms and values on which our society has been built are reinforced by religion. According to Durkheim, religion performs many functions. One of these functions is to ensure that there is harmony and stability in the society. For instance, functionalists say that, when people of the society pray together, it helps in making the society into a single unit. When people become a single unit, the unity of the group increases the bond between the society members is strengthened. Religion in other words is a kind of glue. In fact, its social glue, one that enables solidarity to prevail in society. For instance, Durkheim studied a society of traditio nal Aboriginal people. In his study, he got to know that totems are the main focus of this particular type of society, through which they show their solidarity towards the values that they have learnt. This is one form of solidarity and integration of people into the society. On the other hand, Marxists have a different take on religion. According to them religion brings about conservatism. They say that this is because, religion seeks to make sure that one class is superior and dominant over the other. Marxists have the view point that, the current inequalities in our social surrounding is due to the fact that religion makes one class dominant over the other. The inequalities are mainly due to two things. First and foremost, it is due to the ownership of the means to produce things and secondly, the people who act as employers are easily able to exploit the working class. Marx famous lines on this believe is, Religion is the opium of the masses. He connect the drug opium to religion saying, just like opium, religion makes sure that people who are suffering can bear the pain and it takes them into a dream where they feel happy, when in fact the reality is quite the opposite. Religion is able to do this by, telling people that in the next life they will be given eternal bliss. This promise of bliss makes it easier for people to bear the current suffering and in this way religion justifies the inequality that prevails in society. Class consciousness is stopped from growing by religion. When there is no class consciousness, it is not possible to bring about a revolution. Thus in this way, religion prevents any kind of change in society. Those who are Feminists also agree with the theory, that religion is conservative force. They say the system of patriarchal is also a part and parcel of this conservatism. For example, the fact that in many religions women are not allowed to be religious leaders and the fact that religions endorse the idea that women should stay and take care of the family and that is what their role should be after marriage, also shows that there is some kind of conservatism prevailing, which wishes that the role of women should be subservient and this stance is endorsed by many religions. The above theories can be supported by many real life examples, which show that religion acts as a force of conservatism. One of the best examples, which support the view that Marxists have adopted is the Caste System in India. This cast system is fully supported by the Hindu religion. One more glaring example is the Medieval Europe Monarchs. Their right to rule was said to be their divine right. Their right to be the rulers was believed by the people of those times to be God-given. They had all the power and there was no one who could challenge them or any decision made by them. The above examples show the conservative force of religion. However, the problem is that these theories entirely reject the fact that religion can bring about change in society. Therefore the statement is not supported in entirety. Even though both Marxism as well Functionalism gives an account of religion which is plausible, but their views are criticized by other sociologists, who argue that religion is not a conservative force at all. In fact, they say, religion is a force, a radical force which helps to bring about a change in society. The one who holds this view that, religion can bring about a revolution is Neo-Marxist Otto Maduro. He points to the catholic priests of the 1960s in Latin America, who used to criticize the bourgeoisie. These priests used to teach the Theology of Liberation. It means to free people from their oppression using religion. In both social actions as well as political actions there was collaboration between the Marxists and the Catholics. This was the main catalyst which gave birth to resistance and then led to social change. Consequently in 1979 the Somoza regime in Nicaragua was overthrown from power. This was due to the resistance and change in which the Catholics revolutionari es played a huge part. Some more instances which show that religion was responsible for bringing about social change are also present. Another example of this can be seen during the time period of 1978 to 1985. During this time, Desmond Tutu who was the Archbishop during that time played a very important role in South Africa, when he opposed apartheid. What resulted from his efforts was that, he was the first black person who became Cape Towns Archbishop and led the Anglican Church. Other examples seen by Nelson (1986) include the opposition to communism by the Catholic Church in Poland, as well as in America, where there was a black civil-rights movement. These examples show how authority was undermined and a change was brought in. Weber, one of the most influential classical sociologists also supports the view, that religion is a force which can bring about change. He strongly believed that religion can bring about change and from this belief he came up with his famous theory which said that, Capitalism developed due to Protestantism. There are many types of Protestantism, but Weber has focused on Calvinism. This is because the skilled workers as well as the entrepreneurs were Calvinists, in all the countries where, Western Capitalism prevailed. Weber talks about, how social change was brought about by Calvinism, in his book titled, The Protestant Work Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism. Ascetic ideal was a very important factor in Calvinism, according to Weber. The ethic of hard work with lots of discipline is the basis of capitalism. In the early times, Calvinists followed the bible, their pleasures and entertainments were very simple and they lived a simple life, which was much disciplined. This led to the prop er and correct ethics of work being developed, besides capital. In other words, the right conditions of the economy and the religious belief in Protestantism was mainly responsible for the building of the system of Capitalism. But this theory that Weber came up with has been criticized as well. It was claimed by Eisenstadt (1967), that the development of the system of capitalism has nothing to do with the idea of Calvin. This is because, in countries like Italy, which were catholic, Protestant Reformation came out after Capitalism. Other people, who criticize Weber, talk about the fact that there are many other economic factors which helped to develop capitalism. Some of these factors include, democracy, the influence that immigrants have on the economy and people as well as freedom of religion. Many other critics have disagreed with Weber and said he was wrong because he did not interpret Protestantism properly, he did not locate capitalism properly and last but not the least and he did not understand Catholicism. However, Weber had his share of supporters as well. Marshall (1982) says that people criticized Weber, because they were never able to understand his work. For instance, Weber simply demonstrate d how Calvinism and Catholicism were related and how religion can bring change. He never said that there was any kind of casual relationship between the two. The good thing about the work that Weber did is that, his work is able to show us clearly how religion has the power to change the society. The problem with his view is that, it completely ignores the simple fact that, it is possible for religion to be conservative in some cases and thus the statement put forward in the question is not fully supported. Most of the sociologists believe in the middle path. They believe that religion has both sides. Religion can be a radical force which can bring about change and a conservative force which can stop the change from coming. It all depends on which religion it is and the circumstances that are prevailing in the country in which the change is coming. Thompson came out in support of this view. He identified the factors which are responsible for the role that religion will play in bringing change. For instance, he says that if there are no avenues which can bring change, like no political will to change then religion can step in to do so. Likewise, when such avenues are available (example economy), then religion will play a limited role and will have a more conservative nature. In the end we can say that, religion is indeed a conservative force as well as a force which brings about change. This position is supported by the evidence which has been put forward in support of both views. It shows that religion has the capacity to take on both roles, the role of acting as a radical force as well as a conservative force. The thing that will determine what role religion takes will depend on two things, the religion and the society in question. Even though both the conservative side and the radical side have their supports and arguments, it is better to have a wider view if this, in contrast to a single view. Health Promotion in Nursing: Smoking Cessation Health Promotion in Nursing: Smoking Cessation Public Health Issue SMOKING The purpose of this essay is to identify a public health issue related to a patient in my previous clinical placement. The patient Mrs M who was 35 year old woman diagnosed with lung cancer as a result of smoking. To facilitate the discussion smoking as a public health issue has been chosen. The stage of change model and The Healthy Lives (2010) policy will be explored in relation to smoking. The rationale for choosing this topic is because smoking is an important public health issue. The smoke is very toxic to every human tissue it touches on its way into, through and out of the smoker’s body (Ewles 2005). The cost of smoking on the National Health Service (NHS), which has been found on the ASH poster. ASH is the campaigning group, which was established in 1971 by Royal College of Physicians [RCP].It is a campaigning group which eliminates the harm caused by tobacco. Ash produced a poster with the cost of tobacco to NHS. ASH poster on the rate of smoking cost the NHS  £2.7 billion yearly; more than  £50 million individually week paid treating infections triggered by smoking. Each week smoking financial records for an estimated  £20 million spending on hospital admissions,  £4 million on outpatients,  £10 million on GP consultations,  £1 million on practice nurse consultations and  £17 million in treatment costs. Assuming 1996 amounts of recent and ex-smokers advocates. So advertising and Promotion bans can prevent the onset of smoking and help people to stop (WHO 2008).The ban reduce consumption which was started by research.Saffer and Chaloupka 2000 stated that anti-smoking companies pressed for further restriction on advertising and promotion. Electronic cigarettes has been banned from showing on TV a restriction that some believe might confuse viewers (ASH 2014). It has been said that E –cigarettes are not cigarettes. Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) recommended that quitting all forms of nicotine is the best for smokers E cigarettes are used by 700.00 to 2.1million (ASH 2014). According to Peto et. al. (2003) cited in Ewles (2005), most premature deaths caused by smoking are Lung and coronary cancer, chronic obstructive heart diseases and coronary heart diseases with 42800, 29100 and 30600 deaths respectively every year. In addition, smoking is known to also bring increased risk of many debilitating conditions like impotence, infertility, gum disease, asthma and psoriasis (Ewles 2005). Furthermore, through second hand smoking the health of other family members can be negatively affected. Percival (2009) indicated that second hand smoking can lead to rise in respiratory infection and infection in the lungs .Research shows that the families whose paternities smoulders are the ones who get infected (NHS 2013).The Blair regime introduced to help or guarding children of risk of damage. Blair management has introduced to aim upgrading in social services to security to inspire youths. The government indicated that â€Å"smoking kills† in a white paper. This campaign was to target reducing smoking among students from 13% to a 9% or less by (2010).They also tried to reduce adults from smoking from 28% to 24%, to reduce the ratio women who were pregnant from smoking. The Prochaska DiClemente (2000) Trans theoretical Model of Change (TTM), will be used to highlight the role of the nurse in implementing a variety of therapies that can be used in order to support Mrs M’s behaviour change. Public health is defined as the science and art of protecting and promoting health and wellbeing, preventing ill health and prolonging life through the organised effects of society (Faculty of Public Health 2010). Health promotion is a complex activity and is difficult to define. Davies and Macdowall (2006) describe health promotion as â€Å"any strategy or intervention that is designed to improve the health of individuals and its population†. However perhaps one of the most recognized definitions is that of the World Health Organizations who describes health promotion as â€Å"a process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health (WHO 1986). If we look at this in relation to the nurse’s role in smoking cessation and giving advice to a patient, this can be seen as a positive concept in that with the availability of information together with support, the patient is then able to make an informed decision, thus creating empowerment and an element of self-control DOH (2013, March 25). Bright (1997) supports this notion suggesting that empowerment is created when accurate information and knowledgeable advice is given, thus aiding the development of personal skills and self-esteem. A vital component of health promotion is health education which aims to change behavior by providing people with the knowledge and skills they require to make healthier decisions and enable them to fulfill their potential. Healthy Lives Healthy People (2010) highlight the vital role nurses play in the delivery of health promotion with particular attention on prevention at primary and secondary levels. Nurses have a wealth of skills and knowledge and use this knowledge to empower people to make lifestyle changes and choices. This encourages people to take charge of their own health and to increase feelings of personal autonomy (Karen.et.al 1999). Smoking is one of the biggest threats to public health, therefore nurses are in a prime position to help people to quit by offering encouragement, provide information and refer to smoking cessation services. In 2010 the white paper Healthy Live Healthy People set out the government long term policy for improving public health and in 2011 a new tobacco control plan was published (Department of Health 2011). The Whitepaper Healthy Life Healthy People set out a range of measures aimed at preventing people from starting to smoke and helping them to stop, such as banning cigarettes advertising on billboards, in size and action on tobacco intensified (DH, 2011). There are also smoking campaigners like Stoptober which is a regime campaign which has been encouraging smokers to quit smoking for a month. These campaigns are done on TV’s and radios on a daily basis.Gorvenment is using ways to campaign by advertising through these advertisements, papers and internet as well. Stoptober is a 28day trial which was said to work 5times more to stop individuals from smoking for good. The reason why Stoptober launched a campaign was to encourage people to take part of the smoking challenge. It started to give advice through the leaflets, posters, in order for people to stop smoking for a month. Research shows that 160 000 people managed to stop smoking for a month with Stoptober campaign. WHO defines health promotion a process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve, their health. It implies that the ideology moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions. Naidoo and Wills (2010), states ‘health promotion is based on theories about what influences people’s health and what are effective interventions or strategies to improve health. The Marmot Review (2010) stated that between 2001 to 2007, prevalence of cigarette smoking among women in manual household dropped from 34 to 28 percent. In Woodhouse, C. 2011 ,showed that between 2001 and 2008, there has been a decrease of smoking in the population of England. They further stated that since the 1980s the uptake of smoking among young people in England has decline, study by Ansell, Gu , Tuit and Sinha (2012) suggests that it is important for nurses to have good relationships with their patients in order to provide quality care which is well understood by their patients. In order to help Mrs M on her transitioning journey to smoking cessation there are therapies such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). These efforts have been successful in some cases of enabling patients to stop smoking however there is limited clinical evidence to suggest that this method would be successful in all patients (Rice and Stead 2000). Health professionals are advocates of change in preventing smoking related diseases yet it seems during assessments they skip or hardly mention whether patients want to quit smoking as they blame it on lack of time and patient lack of motivation to quit. (DH 2011). To assist in the assessment process the model of behaviour change will be utilized such as Prochaska Diclemente’s stages of change model (1984). This works on the assumption that individuals go through a number of stages in other to change their behaviour. The first of the stages is pre-contemplation; this is a stage where the individual has no intention of behaviours change. The second stage is contemplation; at this point the individual is considering change. The third stage preparation, this is when the individual is preparing to change. The fourth stage, action, this is where the individual has to make a positive decision to quit, he works towards goals that are realistic and achievable, the need for support is very strong at this stage. The fifth stage, is maintenance, this is the stage of new behaviour for example the individual has quit smoking and moved on to a healthier lifestyle. To select the most appropriate interventions, I need to know the patients present readiness to change. The patient currently resides in stage 1 (pre-contemplation) and this stage will determine the intervention that can be used to empower the patient; therefore it is essential that an effective assessment takes place. In offering a prescription for nicotine replacement to a patient who is in the pre-contemplation stage is unlikely to be successful, because doing so essentially asks the patient to move from pre-contemplation to action without going through the necessary intervening stages AIPPO (2012). My role as a student nurse is to encourage the patient in the pre-contemplation stage to think about her smoking and to consider the possibility that smoking is a problem that needs attention. Being in the pre-contemplation stage suggests that the patient has some unresolved contradiction about change and thus needs help moving to stage 2 where the patient can start to prepare for smoking cessation. Brief interventions can be effective in the pre-contemplation stage and as the patient moves from one stage to the next. Effective interventions include the following: educate the patient about the effects of smoking, recommend changes in behaviour, list options for achieving behavioural change, discuss the patient’s reaction to the nurse’s feedback and recommendations, follow up to monitor to reinforce behavioural change. This process, known as â€Å"motivational interviewing,† uses empathy rather than confrontation. It acknowledges that the patient, not the nurse, is responsible for changing behaviour. In conclusion, it is evident that smoking is a vital aspect of public health and therefore a vital part of nursing practice. In particular, health promotion in daily practice is required to help patient to overcome the habit. Smoking is a major public health issue that continues to donate to social and health inequalities. References : According to the Oxford Medical Companion (1994) cited World Health Organization (2008). WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic Geneva: WHO 2008. Action on Smoking and Health (2006). Smoking Statistics; Illness and death. [Online]. Available from: http://old.ash.org.uk/html/factsheets/html/fact02.html AIPPO (2012). Stages of Change Model by Prochaska and DiClemente. Retrieved April 3, 2014, from http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/transtheoretical_model.html ASH. Use of electronic cigarettes in Great Britain. 2014. ASH. Secondhand smoke. 2014 Bright, J. (1997) Health promotion in clinical practice: Targeting the health of the nation. London, Bailliere Tindall Cancer Research UK (2009). Lung cancer and smoking statistics. [Online]. Available from: http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/lung/smoking/. Christensen, M. Hewitt-Taylor, J. (2006) Empowerment in nursing: Paternalism or maternalism. British Journal of Nursing, Vol 15, issue 13, pp 695-699 Department of Health (2010) Healthy Lives Healthy People. London, The Stationary Office Davies, M. Macdowall, W. (2006) Health Promotion Theory, Understanding Public Health. London, Open University Press Ewles, L. (2005). Key topics in Public Health. Essential briefings on prevention and health promotion. London: Elsevier Ltd. The NHS Information Centre (2008). Statistics on smoking; England, 2008. Karen J.Berger, Marylin Brinkman Williams, (Appleton and Large). Fundamentals of Nursing Collaborating for Optimal Health, Volume 2. 3rd ed. : 1999. Naidoo, J. Wills, J. (2005). Public health and health promotion. Developing practice 2nd ed. London: Elsevier Ltd. National Health Services (NHS) 2013. Suzzane Noble, (2012). . In: (ed), Clinical Text of Dental Hygiene and Therapy. 4th ed. John Wiley and son 2012. pp.e.g. (32-48). Royal College of Physicians. Harm reduction in nicotine addiction: helping people who can’t quit. A Report by the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians. London: RCP, 2007. Peto, R., Lopez, A., Boreham, J. et al. (2003). Mortality from smoking in developed countries 1950 -2000. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Prochaska etal (2000). Health attribution therapy. Retrieved April 3, 2014, from http://homepage.ntlworld.com/gary.sturt/health/healthat.htm Prochaska, J.O. and DiClemente, C.C. (1984) The Transtheoretical Approach: Crossing Traditional Boundaries of Therapy. Dow Jones Irwin, Homewoo Rice, Stead (2001). Nursing interventions for smoking [Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000] PubMed NCBI. Re-trieved April 3, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10796619 Woodhouse, C. (2011, June 24). 700 pubs closed by smoke ban, supermarket beer and tax rises News London Even-ing Standard. Retrieved March 24, 2014, from http://www.standard.co.uk/news/700-pubs-closed-by-smoke-ban-supermarket-beer-and-tax-rises-6414902.html World Health Organization (WHO) (1986) Ottawa Charter. (Online) available at: http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/ottawa-charter-hp.pdf. Date accessed 11.12.10, 15.20 1

Neo-liberal model of economic policy-making Essay -- Article Review, J

After reading the article from John Lovering, the first impression was that we, even those who are planners, sometimes forget what it means to be a planner and underestimate the importance of proper planning and its impact when practiced on a specific city or a region The fundamental argument that forms basis of the article is that the Neo-Liberal model which conceptualized and practiced planning for a couple of decades has been crashed. Now, as a planner, the main task is to help transform the physical and social legacies of Neo-liberal urban regeneration into resources for â€Å"real development† by converting failed exchange values into viable use values (Lovering, 2009). The article emphasizes the importance of contribution from the planners in achieving the goal. In the article, the arguments of the author seem to correspond to three fundamental arguments in regards to Neo-liberal approaches to planning. The three fundamental arguments of the author included criticisms of Neo-liberal model of economic policy-making, as well as the planning and planners during the era, and the possible ways to reconstruct through planning. The article started with criticisms of Neo-liberal model of economic policy-making. In this section, the first argument the author clearly stated that the Neo-liberal model is over, as well as its opportunity-driven pseudo-planning. According to the author, the â€Å"urban regeneration† which the Neo-liberalism supported, is more of a biased term for the urban construction which only created socially questionable and often environmentally harmful developments (Lovering, 2009). Looking at the absence of net growth in global employment during 1990s and 2000s while GDP per capita decreased, it is clear that the ur... ...ources and non-market opportunities. In this way, the benefit will be even spread among the public, disregards to their status. In practicing planning in the era of austerity, theory of Rational Comprehensive planning should be used to help planning. The classic rational process of rational comprehensive model which include identifying issues and opportunities, setting goals and objectives to collect data required to create alternatives, implementing the selected alternative, and monitoring and evaluating the solutions (Shipely, 2010). In terms of land used planning, there is no simple right solution. Because all the planning theories have both positive and negative sides of it, planners must learn to balance between theories to achieve broader social goal, while maximizing the equality among the people from the benefits which they must be getting as a public.